The Amazon is the world's largest and most diverse rainforest, with 670 million hectares of forest and 100 million hectares of freshwater ecosystems. It covers 7.8 million square kilometres and 44 per cent of South America. Amazonia is home to 33 million people and thousands of species. The Amazon Basin Rainforest plays a crucial role in mitigating the effects of climate change, balancing the climate, distributing rainfall, and capturing massive amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2). However, the management of the Amazon Basin as a whole is limited due to the differing public policies defined by the nine countries it spans across, hindering cooperation mechanisms.

There is a persistent view of Amazonia as a remote territory able to provide endless natural resources. At a national level, the Amazon Rainforest is viewed as a territory capable of ensuring energy sovereignty and a source of income based on the production and commercialisation of raw materials. On a global scale, the region provides significant quantities of commodities while also being recognised as the most important source of fresh water and biodiversity, as a regulator of the Planet's climate, and as a carbon sink for large quantities of greenhouse gases.

More than half of the Amazon region, 66%, is subject to permanent or ongoing pressure due to human extractive practices such as oil and mineral exploitation, road infrastructure development, ranching, agricultural activity, and hydroelectric plants. Deforestation, burning, and loss of carbon stocks are proof of the large-scale transformations taking place in Amazonia.

_{This map merges Indigenous Territories and Natural Protected Areas with deforestation, oil blocks, legal and illegal mining, hydroelectric plants, road infrastructure and fired zones.}